Adverbs places and directions

Today we will talk about the dialects of a place (answering the question “where?”) And directions (answering the question “where?”) In German.
Let’s start with adverbs that answer the question “wo?” (“Where?”)

Vorne – in front;
Hinten – behind;
Oben – on top;
Unten – from below;
Rechts – on the right;
Links – on the left.

Examples:

Ich stehe vorne – I stand in front;
Links ist ein Restaurant – left restaurant …

Please note that adverbs are not prepositions (“before …”, “above …”); after adverbs, nouns are not used. If you need to say that you are standing in front of something, then you need to use the preposition: “ich stehe vor einem Auto” – “I am standing in front of the machine”.
The second group is adverbs that answer the question “wohin?” (“Where?”)

Nach vorne – forward;
Nach hinten – back;
Nach oben – up;
Nach unten – down;
Nach rechts – right;
Nach links – to the left.

We just add the preposition “nach”, which indicates the direction of movement.

The preposition “nach” is used to answer the question “where?” In case we have a word that is used without an article. We say “nach Deutschland” – “to Germany”, but “in die Schweiz” – “to Switzerland” (after all, Switzerland is used with the article). That’s why we use “nach” to make adverbs of direction (“where?”) From adverbs of a place (“where?”). Adverbs are used without the article.

There are also adverbs “draußen” – “outside” (“where?”) And “drinnen” – “inside” (“where?”). Accordingly, to make of them the dialects of direction (“where?”) Add “nach”: “mir ist kalt, ich gehe nach drinnen” – “I’m cold, I will go inside”.

Interesting!

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Now let’s talk about how adverbs are changed with the help of the prefix “hin” (expresses the direction from the speaker – “there”) and “her” (expresses the direction to the speaker – “here”). By the same principle: “wo?” – “where?” (Indicates the place), “wohin?” – “where?” (Indicates the direction from the speaker), “woher?” – “from where?” (Indicates the direction to the speaker).

Consider the examples:

Ich bin drinnen, komm content – I’m inside, come in here (to me);
Ich bin drinnen, komm hinaus – I’m inside, get out of here (from me);
Ich bin draußen, komm heraus – I am outside, come out to me;
Ich bin draußen, komm hinein – I am outside, go inside (from me).

We used to say that you can use the adverbs “nach draußen” – “out” (“where?”) And “nach drinnen” – “inward” (“where?”), But they do not express the direction from / to the speaker.

The following adverbs: “dort (da)” – “there”, “dorthin (dahin)” – “there” and “dorther (daher)” – “from there.” By adding the prefix “-hin” or “-her”, we already express the fact that this is not a place, but a direction.

Bist du schon dort (zu Hause)? – are you already there (at home)?
Ja, ich gehe dorthin (nach Hause) – yes, I go there (home);
Ich bin gerade dorther (aus dem Haus) gekommen – I just came from there (from home).

By adding “hin” and “her” you can replace other adverbs:

hinauf – up (from the speaker) / herauf – up (to the speaker) = nach oben – up;
hinunter – down (from the speaker) / herunter – down (to the speaker) = nach unten – down;

You can also make adverbs using the prefix “-wärts”:

vorwärts = nach vorne – forward;
rückwärts = nach hinten – back.

Adverbs of direction and meta are one of many adverbs in the German language. Here you will find many more similar materials on grammar.